3.1.17 \(\int \frac {1}{a+b \cos (x)+c \cos ^2(x)} \, dx\) [17]

Optimal. Leaf size=223 \[ \frac {4 c \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {\sqrt {b-2 c-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} \tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}{\sqrt {b+2 c-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}\right )}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c} \sqrt {b-2 c-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} \sqrt {b+2 c-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}-\frac {4 c \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {\sqrt {b-2 c+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} \tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}{\sqrt {b+2 c+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}\right )}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c} \sqrt {b-2 c+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} \sqrt {b+2 c+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}} \]

[Out]

4*c*arctan((b-2*c-(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))^(1/2)*tan(1/2*x)/(b+2*c-(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))^(1/2))/(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2)/(b
-2*c-(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))^(1/2)/(b+2*c-(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))^(1/2)-4*c*arctan((b-2*c+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))^(1/2)*ta
n(1/2*x)/(b+2*c+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))^(1/2))/(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2)/(b-2*c+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))^(1/2)/(b+2*c+(-4*a*c+
b^2)^(1/2))^(1/2)

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Rubi [A]
time = 0.24, antiderivative size = 223, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 5, number of rules used = 3, integrand size = 14, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.214, Rules used = {3330, 2738, 211} \begin {gather*} \frac {4 c \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {\tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right ) \sqrt {-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b-2 c}}{\sqrt {-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b+2 c}}\right )}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c} \sqrt {-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b-2 c} \sqrt {-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b+2 c}}-\frac {4 c \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {\tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right ) \sqrt {\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b-2 c}}{\sqrt {\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b+2 c}}\right )}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c} \sqrt {\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b-2 c} \sqrt {\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b+2 c}} \end {gather*}

Antiderivative was successfully verified.

[In]

Int[(a + b*Cos[x] + c*Cos[x]^2)^(-1),x]

[Out]

(4*c*ArcTan[(Sqrt[b - 2*c - Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]]*Tan[x/2])/Sqrt[b + 2*c - Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]]])/(Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c
]*Sqrt[b - 2*c - Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]]*Sqrt[b + 2*c - Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]]) - (4*c*ArcTan[(Sqrt[b - 2*c + Sqrt[b^2
- 4*a*c]]*Tan[x/2])/Sqrt[b + 2*c + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]]])/(Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]*Sqrt[b - 2*c + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]]*S
qrt[b + 2*c + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]])

Rule 211

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(Rt[a/b, 2]/a)*ArcTan[x/Rt[a/b, 2]], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x]
&& PosQ[a/b]

Rule 2738

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*sin[Pi/2 + (c_.) + (d_.)*(x_)])^(-1), x_Symbol] :> With[{e = FreeFactors[Tan[(c + d*x)/2], x
]}, Dist[2*(e/d), Subst[Int[1/(a + b + (a - b)*e^2*x^2), x], x, Tan[(c + d*x)/2]/e], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d}
, x] && NeQ[a^2 - b^2, 0]

Rule 3330

Int[((a_.) + cos[(d_.) + (e_.)*(x_)]^(n_.)*(b_.) + cos[(d_.) + (e_.)*(x_)]^(n2_.)*(c_.))^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Mo
dule[{q = Rt[b^2 - 4*a*c, 2]}, Dist[2*(c/q), Int[1/(b - q + 2*c*Cos[d + e*x]^n), x], x] - Dist[2*(c/q), Int[1/
(b + q + 2*c*Cos[d + e*x]^n), x], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, n}, x] && EqQ[n2, 2*n] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0]

Rubi steps

\begin {align*} \int \frac {1}{a+b \cos (x)+c \cos ^2(x)} \, dx &=\frac {(2 c) \int \frac {1}{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+2 c \cos (x)} \, dx}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}-\frac {(2 c) \int \frac {1}{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+2 c \cos (x)} \, dx}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\\ &=\frac {(4 c) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{b+2 c-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+\left (b-2 c-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) x^2} \, dx,x,\tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\right )}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}-\frac {(4 c) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{b+2 c+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+\left (b-2 c+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) x^2} \, dx,x,\tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\right )}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\\ &=\frac {4 c \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {b-2 c-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} \tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}{\sqrt {b+2 c-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}\right )}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c} \sqrt {b-2 c-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} \sqrt {b+2 c-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}-\frac {4 c \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {b-2 c+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} \tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}{\sqrt {b+2 c+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}\right )}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c} \sqrt {b-2 c+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} \sqrt {b+2 c+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}\\ \end {align*}

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Mathematica [A]
time = 0.37, size = 198, normalized size = 0.89 \begin {gather*} \frac {2 \sqrt {2} c \left (\frac {\tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\left (b-2 c+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) \tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}{\sqrt {-2 b^2+4 c (a+c)-2 b \sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}\right )}{\sqrt {-b^2+2 c (a+c)-b \sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}+\frac {\tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\left (-b+2 c+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) \tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}{\sqrt {-2 b^2+4 c (a+c)+2 b \sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}\right )}{\sqrt {-b^2+2 c (a+c)+b \sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}\right )}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} \end {gather*}

Antiderivative was successfully verified.

[In]

Integrate[(a + b*Cos[x] + c*Cos[x]^2)^(-1),x]

[Out]

(2*Sqrt[2]*c*(ArcTanh[((b - 2*c + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])*Tan[x/2])/Sqrt[-2*b^2 + 4*c*(a + c) - 2*b*Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*
c]]]/Sqrt[-b^2 + 2*c*(a + c) - b*Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]] + ArcTanh[((-b + 2*c + Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c])*Tan[x/2])/Sqrt[-
2*b^2 + 4*c*(a + c) + 2*b*Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]]]/Sqrt[-b^2 + 2*c*(a + c) + b*Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*c]]))/Sqrt[b^2 - 4*a*
c]

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Maple [A]
time = 0.63, size = 204, normalized size = 0.91

method	result	size
default	\(2 \left (a -b +c \right ) \left (\frac {\left (b -2 c +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\left (a -b +c \right ) \tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}{\sqrt {\left (\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}+a -c \right ) \left (a -b +c \right )}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\, \left (a -b +c \right ) \sqrt {\left (\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}+a -c \right ) \left (a -b +c \right )}}+\frac {\left (\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}+2 c -b \right ) \arctanh \left (\frac {\left (-a +b -c \right ) \tan \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )}{\sqrt {\left (\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}-a +c \right ) \left (a -b +c \right )}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\, \left (a -b +c \right ) \sqrt {\left (\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}-a +c \right ) \left (a -b +c \right )}}\right )\)	\(204\)
risch	\(\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\RootOf \left (\left (16 a^{4} c^{2}-8 a^{3} b^{2} c +32 a^{3} c^{3}+a^{2} b^{4}-32 b^{2} a^{2} c^{2}+16 a^{2} c^{4}+10 a \,b^{4} c -8 a \,b^{2} c^{3}-b^{6}+b^{4} c^{2}\right ) \textit {\_Z}^{4}+\left (8 a^{2} c^{2}-6 a \,b^{2} c +8 a \,c^{3}+b^{4}-2 b^{2} c^{2}\right ) \textit {\_Z}^{2}+c^{2}\right )}{\sum }\textit {\_R} \ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{i x}+\left (-\frac {i b^{5}}{c^{2}}-2 i b \,c^{2}+3 i b^{3}+\frac {8 i a^{4}}{b}-22 i b \,a^{2}-\frac {6 i b \,a^{3}}{c}+\frac {24 i c \,a^{3}}{b}+\frac {i b^{3} a^{2}}{c^{2}}+\frac {24 i c^{2} a^{2}}{b}+\frac {8 i b^{3} a}{c}-18 i a b c +\frac {8 i c^{3} a}{b}\right ) \textit {\_R}^{3}+\left (-\frac {4 a^{3}}{b}+\frac {a^{2} b}{c}-\frac {8 a^{2} c}{b}+6 a b -\frac {4 c^{2} a}{b}-\frac {b^{3}}{c}+b c \right ) \textit {\_R}^{2}+\left (\frac {i b^{3}}{c^{2}}+\frac {2 i c^{2}}{b}-2 i b +\frac {2 i a^{2}}{b}-\frac {4 i b a}{c}+\frac {4 i a c}{b}\right ) \textit {\_R} -\frac {a}{b}+\frac {b}{c}-\frac {c}{b}\right )\)	\(373\)

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

int(1/(a+b*cos(x)+c*cos(x)^2),x,method=_RETURNVERBOSE)

[Out]

2*(a-b+c)*(1/2*(b-2*c+(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2))/(-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2)/(a-b+c)/(((-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2)+a-c)*(a-b+c))^(1/2)*
arctan((a-b+c)*tan(1/2*x)/(((-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2)+a-c)*(a-b+c))^(1/2))+1/2*((-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2)+2*c-b)/(-4*a*c+b^2
)^(1/2)/(a-b+c)/(((-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2)-a+c)*(a-b+c))^(1/2)*arctanh((-a+b-c)*tan(1/2*x)/(((-4*a*c+b^2)^(1/2)-a+c)
*(a-b+c))^(1/2)))

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Maxima [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Failed to integrate} \end {gather*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(1/(a+b*cos(x)+c*cos(x)^2),x, algorithm="maxima")

[Out]

integrate(1/(c*cos(x)^2 + b*cos(x) + a), x)

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Fricas [B] Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 3493 vs. \(2 (183) = 366\).
time = 0.62, size = 3493, normalized size = 15.66 \begin {gather*} \text {Too large to display} \end {gather*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(1/(a+b*cos(x)+c*cos(x)^2),x, algorithm="fricas")

[Out]

1/4*sqrt(2)*sqrt(-(b^2 - 2*a*c - 2*c^2 - (a^2*b^2 - b^4 - 4*a*c^3 - (8*a^2 - b^2)*c^2 - 2*(2*a^3 - 3*a*b^2)*c)
*sqrt(b^2/(a^4*b^2 - 2*a^2*b^4 + b^6 - 4*a*c^5 - (16*a^2 - b^2)*c^4 - 12*(2*a^3 - a*b^2)*c^3 - 2*(8*a^4 - 11*a
^2*b^2 + b^4)*c^2 - 4*(a^5 - 3*a^3*b^2 + 2*a*b^4)*c)))/(a^2*b^2 - b^4 - 4*a*c^3 - (8*a^2 - b^2)*c^2 - 2*(2*a^3
- 3*a*b^2)*c))*log(b^2*c*cos(x) + 2*b*c^2 - (4*a*c^4 + (8*a^2 - b^2)*c^3 + 2*(2*a^3 - 3*a*b^2)*c^2 - (a^2*b^2
- b^4)*c)*sqrt(b^2/(a^4*b^2 - 2*a^2*b^4 + b^6 - 4*a*c^5 - (16*a^2 - b^2)*c^4 - 12*(2*a^3 - a*b^2)*c^3 - 2*(8*
a^4 - 11*a^2*b^2 + b^4)*c^2 - 4*(a^5 - 3*a^3*b^2 + 2*a*b^4)*c))*cos(x) + 1/2*sqrt(2)*((a^2*b^4 - b^6 + 8*a*c^5
+ 2*(12*a^2 - b^2)*c^4 + 6*(4*a^3 - 3*a*b^2)*c^3 + (8*a^4 - 22*a^2*b^2 + 3*b^4)*c^2 - 2*(3*a^3*b^2 - 4*a*b^4)
*c)*sqrt(b^2/(a^4*b^2 - 2*a^2*b^4 + b^6 - 4*a*c^5 - (16*a^2 - b^2)*c^4 - 12*(2*a^3 - a*b^2)*c^3 - 2*(8*a^4 - 1
1*a^2*b^2 + b^4)*c^2 - 4*(a^5 - 3*a^3*b^2 + 2*a*b^4)*c))*sin(x) + (b^4 - 4*a*b^2*c)*sin(x))*sqrt(-(b^2 - 2*a*c
- 2*c^2 - (a^2*b^2 - b^4 - 4*a*c^3 - (8*a^2 - b^2)*c^2 - 2*(2*a^3 - 3*a*b^2)*c)*sqrt(b^2/(a^4*b^2 - 2*a^2*b^4
+ b^6 - 4*a*c^5 - (16*a^2 - b^2)*c^4 - 12*(2*a^3 - a*b^2)*c^3 - 2*(8*a^4 - 11*a^2*b^2 + b^4)*c^2 - 4*(a^5 - 3
*a^3*b^2 + 2*a*b^4)*c)))/(a^2*b^2 - b^4 - 4*a*c^3 - (8*a^2 - b^2)*c^2 - 2*(2*a^3 - 3*a*b^2)*c))) - 1/4*sqrt(2)
*sqrt(-(b^2 - 2*a*c - 2*c^2 - (a^2*b^2 - b^4 - 4*a*c^3 - (8*a^2 - b^2)*c^2 - 2*(2*a^3 - 3*a*b^2)*c)*sqrt(b^2/(
a^4*b^2 - 2*a^2*b^4 + b^6 - 4*a*c^5 - (16*a^2 - b^2)*c^4 - 12*(2*a^3 - a*b^2)*c^3 - 2*(8*a^4 - 11*a^2*b^2 + b^
4)*c^2 - 4*(a^5 - 3*a^3*b^2 + 2*a*b^4)*c)))/(a^2*b^2 - b^4 - 4*a*c^3 - (8*a^2 - b^2)*c^2 - 2*(2*a^3 - 3*a*b^2)
*c))*log(b^2*c*cos(x) + 2*b*c^2 - (4*a*c^4 + (8*a^2 - b^2)*c^3 + 2*(2*a^3 - 3*a*b^2)*c^2 - (a^2*b^2 - b^4)*c)*
sqrt(b^2/(a^4*b^2 - 2*a^2*b^4 + b^6 - 4*a*c^5 - (16*a^2 - b^2)*c^4 - 12*(2*a^3 - a*b^2)*c^3 - 2*(8*a^4 - 11*a^
2*b^2 + b^4)*c^2 - 4*(a^5 - 3*a^3*b^2 + 2*a*b^4)*c))*cos(x) - 1/2*sqrt(2)*((a^2*b^4 - b^6 + 8*a*c^5 + 2*(12*a^
2 - b^2)*c^4 + 6*(4*a^3 - 3*a*b^2)*c^3 + (8*a^4 - 22*a^2*b^2 + 3*b^4)*c^2 - 2*(3*a^3*b^2 - 4*a*b^4)*c)*sqrt(b^
2/(a^4*b^2 - 2*a^2*b^4 + b^6 - 4*a*c^5 - (16*a^2 - b^2)*c^4 - 12*(2*a^3 - a*b^2)*c^3 - 2*(8*a^4 - 11*a^2*b^2 +
b^4)*c^2 - 4*(a^5 - 3*a^3*b^2 + 2*a*b^4)*c))*sin(x) + (b^4 - 4*a*b^2*c)*sin(x))*sqrt(-(b^2 - 2*a*c - 2*c^2 -
(a^2*b^2 - b^4 - 4*a*c^3 - (8*a^2 - b^2)*c^2 - 2*(2*a^3 - 3*a*b^2)*c)*sqrt(b^2/(a^4*b^2 - 2*a^2*b^4 + b^6 - 4*
a*c^5 - (16*a^2 - b^2)*c^4 - 12*(2*a^3 - a*b^2)*c^3 - 2*(8*a^4 - 11*a^2*b^2 + b^4)*c^2 - 4*(a^5 - 3*a^3*b^2 +
2*a*b^4)*c)))/(a^2*b^2 - b^4 - 4*a*c^3 - (8*a^2 - b^2)*c^2 - 2*(2*a^3 - 3*a*b^2)*c))) + 1/4*sqrt(2)*sqrt(-(b^2
- 2*a*c - 2*c^2 + (a^2*b^2 - b^4 - 4*a*c^3 - (8*a^2 - b^2)*c^2 - 2*(2*a^3 - 3*a*b^2)*c)*sqrt(b^2/(a^4*b^2 - 2
*a^2*b^4 + b^6 - 4*a*c^5 - (16*a^2 - b^2)*c^4 - 12*(2*a^3 - a*b^2)*c^3 - 2*(8*a^4 - 11*a^2*b^2 + b^4)*c^2 - 4*
(a^5 - 3*a^3*b^2 + 2*a*b^4)*c)))/(a^2*b^2 - b^4 - 4*a*c^3 - (8*a^2 - b^2)*c^2 - 2*(2*a^3 - 3*a*b^2)*c))*log(-b
^2*c*cos(x) - 2*b*c^2 - (4*a*c^4 + (8*a^2 - b^2)*c^3 + 2*(2*a^3 - 3*a*b^2)*c^2 - (a^2*b^2 - b^4)*c)*sqrt(b^2/(
a^4*b^2 - 2*a^2*b^4 + b^6 - 4*a*c^5 - (16*a^2 - b^2)*c^4 - 12*(2*a^3 - a*b^2)*c^3 - 2*(8*a^4 - 11*a^2*b^2 + b^
4)*c^2 - 4*(a^5 - 3*a^3*b^2 + 2*a*b^4)*c))*cos(x) + 1/2*sqrt(2)*((a^2*b^4 - b^6 + 8*a*c^5 + 2*(12*a^2 - b^2)*c
^4 + 6*(4*a^3 - 3*a*b^2)*c^3 + (8*a^4 - 22*a^2*b^2 + 3*b^4)*c^2 - 2*(3*a^3*b^2 - 4*a*b^4)*c)*sqrt(b^2/(a^4*b^2
- 2*a^2*b^4 + b^6 - 4*a*c^5 - (16*a^2 - b^2)*c^4 - 12*(2*a^3 - a*b^2)*c^3 - 2*(8*a^4 - 11*a^2*b^2 + b^4)*c^2
- 4*(a^5 - 3*a^3*b^2 + 2*a*b^4)*c))*sin(x) - (b^4 - 4*a*b^2*c)*sin(x))*sqrt(-(b^2 - 2*a*c - 2*c^2 + (a^2*b^2 -
b^4 - 4*a*c^3 - (8*a^2 - b^2)*c^2 - 2*(2*a^3 - 3*a*b^2)*c)*sqrt(b^2/(a^4*b^2 - 2*a^2*b^4 + b^6 - 4*a*c^5 - (1
6*a^2 - b^2)*c^4 - 12*(2*a^3 - a*b^2)*c^3 - 2*(8*a^4 - 11*a^2*b^2 + b^4)*c^2 - 4*(a^5 - 3*a^3*b^2 + 2*a*b^4)*c
)))/(a^2*b^2 - b^4 - 4*a*c^3 - (8*a^2 - b^2)*c^2 - 2*(2*a^3 - 3*a*b^2)*c))) - 1/4*sqrt(2)*sqrt(-(b^2 - 2*a*c -
2*c^2 + (a^2*b^2 - b^4 - 4*a*c^3 - (8*a^2 - b^2)*c^2 - 2*(2*a^3 - 3*a*b^2)*c)*sqrt(b^2/(a^4*b^2 - 2*a^2*b^4 +
b^6 - 4*a*c^5 - (16*a^2 - b^2)*c^4 - 12*(2*a^3 - a*b^2)*c^3 - 2*(8*a^4 - 11*a^2*b^2 + b^4)*c^2 - 4*(a^5 - 3*a
^3*b^2 + 2*a*b^4)*c)))/(a^2*b^2 - b^4 - 4*a*c^3 - (8*a^2 - b^2)*c^2 - 2*(2*a^3 - 3*a*b^2)*c))*log(-b^2*c*cos(x
) - 2*b*c^2 - (4*a*c^4 + (8*a^2 - b^2)*c^3 + 2*(2*a^3 - 3*a*b^2)*c^2 - (a^2*b^2 - b^4)*c)*sqrt(b^2/(a^4*b^2 -
2*a^2*b^4 + b^6 - 4*a*c^5 - (16*a^2 - b^2)*c^4 - 12*(2*a^3 - a*b^2)*c^3 - 2*(8*a^4 - 11*a^2*b^2 + b^4)*c^2 - 4
*(a^5 - 3*a^3*b^2 + 2*a*b^4)*c))*cos(x) - 1/2*sqrt(2)*((a^2*b^4 - b^6 + 8*a*c^5 + 2*(12*a^2 - b^2)*c^4 + 6*(4*
a^3 - 3*a*b^2)*c^3 + (8*a^4 - 22*a^2*b^2 + 3*b^4)*c^2 - 2*(3*a^3*b^2 - 4*a*b^4)*c)*sqrt(b^2/(a^4*b^2 - 2*a^2*b
^4 + b^6 - 4*a*c^5 - (16*a^2 - b^2)*c^4 - 12*(2*a^3 - a*b^2)*c^3 - 2*(8*a^4 - 11*a^2*b^2 + b^4)*c^2 - 4*(a^5 -
3*a^3*b^2 + 2*a*b^4)*c))*sin(x) - (b^4 - 4*a*b^2*c)*sin(x))*sqrt(-(b^2 - 2*a*c - 2*c^2 + (a^2*b^2 - b^4 - 4*a
*c^3 - (8*a^2 - b^2)*c^2 - 2*(2*a^3 - 3*a*b^2)*...

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Sympy [F(-1)] Timed out
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Timed out} \end {gather*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(1/(a+b*cos(x)+c*cos(x)**2),x)

[Out]

Timed out

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Giac [B] Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 2975 vs. \(2 (183) = 366\).
time = 1.65, size = 2975, normalized size = 13.34 \begin {gather*} \text {Too large to display} \end {gather*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(1/(a+b*cos(x)+c*cos(x)^2),x, algorithm="giac")

[Out]

-(2*a^2*b^3 - 8*a*b^4 + 6*b^5 - 8*a^3*b*c + 52*a^2*b^2*c - 44*a*b^3*c - 4*b^4*c - 80*a^3*c^2 + 80*a^2*b*c^2 +
40*a*b^2*c^2 - 6*b^3*c^2 - 96*a^2*c^3 + 24*a*b*c^3 + 4*b^2*c^3 - 16*a*c^4 - 3*sqrt(a^2 - a*b + b*c - c^2 + sqr
t(b^2 - 4*a*c)*(a - b + c))*a^2*b^2 + 2*sqrt(a^2 - a*b + b*c - c^2 + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*(a - b + c))*a*b^3 + 5*
sqrt(a^2 - a*b + b*c - c^2 + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*(a - b + c))*b^4 + 12*sqrt(a^2 - a*b + b*c - c^2 + sqrt(b^2 - 4
*a*c)*(a - b + c))*a^3*c - 8*sqrt(a^2 - a*b + b*c - c^2 + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*(a - b + c))*a^2*b*c - 34*sqrt(a^2
- a*b + b*c - c^2 + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*(a - b + c))*a*b^2*c - 6*sqrt(a^2 - a*b + b*c - c^2 + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)
*(a - b + c))*b^3*c + 56*sqrt(a^2 - a*b + b*c - c^2 + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*(a - b + c))*a^2*c^2 + 24*sqrt(a^2 - a
*b + b*c - c^2 + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*(a - b + c))*a*b*c^2 + 5*sqrt(a^2 - a*b + b*c - c^2 + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*(a
- b + c))*b^2*c^2 - 20*sqrt(a^2 - a*b + b*c - c^2 + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*(a - b + c))*a*c^3 + 3*sqrt(a^2 - a*b +
b*c - c^2 + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*(a - b + c))*sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*a^2*b - 2*(b^2 - 4*a*c)*a^2*b - 2*sqrt(a^2 - a*b
+ b*c - c^2 + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*(a - b + c))*sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*a*b^2 + 8*(b^2 - 4*a*c)*a*b^2 - 5*sqrt(a^2 - a*
b + b*c - c^2 + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*(a - b + c))*sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*b^3 - 6*(b^2 - 4*a*c)*b^3 + 6*sqrt(a^2 - a*b
+ b*c - c^2 + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*(a - b + c))*sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*a^2*c - 20*(b^2 - 4*a*c)*a^2*c + 10*sqrt(a^2 -
a*b + b*c - c^2 + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*(a - b + c))*sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*a*b*c + 20*(b^2 - 4*a*c)*a*b*c - 4*sqrt(a^2
- a*b + b*c - c^2 + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*(a - b + c))*sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*b^2*c + 4*(b^2 - 4*a*c)*b^2*c + 28*sqrt(
a^2 - a*b + b*c - c^2 + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*(a - b + c))*sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*a*c^2 - 24*(b^2 - 4*a*c)*a*c^2 + 7*sq
rt(a^2 - a*b + b*c - c^2 + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*(a - b + c))*sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*b*c^2 + 6*(b^2 - 4*a*c)*b*c^2 - 10
*sqrt(a^2 - a*b + b*c - c^2 + sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*(a - b + c))*sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c^3 - 4*(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c^3)*(pi*
floor(1/2*x/pi + 1/2) + arctan(2*sqrt(1/2)*tan(1/2*x)/sqrt((2*a - 2*c + sqrt(-4*(a + b + c)*(a - b + c) + 4*(a
- c)^2))/(a - b + c))))*abs(a - b + c)/(3*a^5*b^2 - 5*a^4*b^3 - 6*a^3*b^4 + 10*a^2*b^5 + 3*a*b^6 - 5*b^7 - 12
*a^6*c + 20*a^5*b*c + 47*a^4*b^2*c - 60*a^3*b^3*c - 46*a^2*b^4*c + 40*a*b^5*c + 11*b^6*c - 92*a^5*c^2 + 80*a^4
*b*c^2 + 182*a^3*b^2*c^2 - 94*a^2*b^3*c^2 - 78*a*b^4*c^2 - 6*b^5*c^2 - 184*a^4*c^3 + 56*a^3*b*c^3 + 166*a^2*b^
2*c^3 + 36*a*b^3*c^3 - 6*b^4*c^3 - 120*a^3*c^4 - 48*a^2*b*c^4 + 23*a*b^2*c^4 + 11*b^3*c^4 + 4*a^2*c^5 - 44*a*b
*c^5 - 5*b^2*c^5 + 20*a*c^6) - (2*a^2*b^3 - 2*b^5 - 8*a^3*b*c - 12*a^2*b^2*c + 20*a*b^3*c + 4*b^4*c + 48*a^3*c
^2 - 48*a^2*b*c^2 - 24*a*b^2*c^2 - 6*b^3*c^2 + 32*a^2*c^3 + 24*a*b*c^3 + 4*b^2*c^3 - 16*a*c^4 - 3*sqrt(a^2 - a
*b + b*c - c^2 - sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*(a - b + c))*a^2*b^2 + 2*sqrt(a^2 - a*b + b*c - c^2 - sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*(a
- b + c))*a*b^3 + 5*sqrt(a^2 - a*b + b*c - c^2 - sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*(a - b + c))*b^4 + 12*sqrt(a^2 - a*b + b*c
- c^2 - sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*(a - b + c))*a^3*c - 8*sqrt(a^2 - a*b + b*c - c^2 - sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*(a - b + c))*a
^2*b*c - 34*sqrt(a^2 - a*b + b*c - c^2 - sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*(a - b + c))*a*b^2*c - 6*sqrt(a^2 - a*b + b*c - c^2
- sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*(a - b + c))*b^3*c + 56*sqrt(a^2 - a*b + b*c - c^2 - sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*(a - b + c))*a^2*c
^2 + 24*sqrt(a^2 - a*b + b*c - c^2 - sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*(a - b + c))*a*b*c^2 + 5*sqrt(a^2 - a*b + b*c - c^2 - s
qrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*(a - b + c))*b^2*c^2 - 20*sqrt(a^2 - a*b + b*c - c^2 - sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*(a - b + c))*a*c^3 +
3*sqrt(a^2 - a*b + b*c - c^2 - sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*(a - b + c))*sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*a^2*b - 2*(b^2 - 4*a*c)*a^2*b
- 2*sqrt(a^2 - a*b + b*c - c^2 - sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*(a - b + c))*sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*a*b^2 - 5*sqrt(a^2 - a*b +
b*c - c^2 - sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*(a - b + c))*sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*b^3 + 2*(b^2 - 4*a*c)*b^3 + 6*sqrt(a^2 - a*b + b*
c - c^2 - sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*(a - b + c))*sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*a^2*c + 12*(b^2 - 4*a*c)*a^2*c + 10*sqrt(a^2 - a*b
+ b*c - c^2 - sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*(a - b + c))*sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*a*b*c - 12*(b^2 - 4*a*c)*a*b*c - 4*sqrt(a^2 - a
*b + b*c - c^2 - sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*(a - b + c))*sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*b^2*c - 4*(b^2 - 4*a*c)*b^2*c + 28*sqrt(a^2
- a*b + b*c - c^2 - sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*(a - b + c))*sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*a*c^2 + 8*(b^2 - 4*a*c)*a*c^2 + 7*sqrt(a^
2 - a*b + b*c - c^2 - sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*(a - b + c))*sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*b*c^2 + 6*(b^2 - 4*a*c)*b*c^2 - 10*sqrt
(a^2 - a*b + b*c - c^2 - sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*(a - b + c))*sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c^3 - 4*(b^2 - 4*a*c)*c^3)*(pi*floor
(1/2*x/pi + 1/2) + arctan(2*sqrt(1/2)*tan(1/2*x)/sqrt((2*a - 2*c - sqrt(-4*(a + b + c)*(a - b + c) + 4*(a - c)
^2))/(a - b + c))))*abs(a - b + c)/(3*a^5*b^2 - 5*a^4*b^3 - 6*a^3*b^4 + 10*a^2*b^5 + 3*a*b^6 - 5*b^7 - 12*a^6*
c + 20*a^5*b*c + 47*a^4*b^2*c - 60*a^3*b^3*c - 46*a^2*b^4*c + 40*a*b^5*c + 11*b^6*c - 92*a^5*c^2 + 80*a^4*b*c^
2 + 182*a^3*b^2*c^2 - 94*a^2*b^3*c^2 - 78*a*b^4*c^2 - 6*b^5*c^2 - 184*a^4*c^3 + 56*a^3*b*c^3 + 166*a^2*b^2*c^3
+ 36*a*b^3*c^3 - 6*b^4*c^3 - 120*a^3*c^4 - 48*...

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Mupad [B]
time = 11.92, size = 2500, normalized size = 11.21 \begin {gather*} \text {Too large to display} \end {gather*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

int(1/(a + b*cos(x) + c*cos(x)^2),x)

[Out]

- atan(((tan(x/2)*(32*a*b^2 - 64*a^2*c - 128*b*c^2 + 96*b^2*c - 32*b^3 + 64*c^3) + (-(8*a*c^3 + b*(-(4*a*c - b
^2)^3)^(1/2) + b^4 + 8*a^2*c^2 - 2*b^2*c^2 - 6*a*b^2*c)/(2*(a^2*b^4 - b^6 + 16*a^2*c^4 + 32*a^3*c^3 + 16*a^4*c
^2 + b^4*c^2 - 8*a*b^2*c^3 - 8*a^3*b^2*c - 32*a^2*b^2*c^2 + 10*a*b^4*c)))^(1/2)*(64*a*b^3 + 128*a*c^3 + 128*a^
3*c + 64*b^3*c - 32*b^4 - 32*a^2*b^2 + 256*a^2*c^2 - 32*b^2*c^2 + tan(x/2)*(-(8*a*c^3 + b*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(
1/2) + b^4 + 8*a^2*c^2 - 2*b^2*c^2 - 6*a*b^2*c)/(2*(a^2*b^4 - b^6 + 16*a^2*c^4 + 32*a^3*c^3 + 16*a^4*c^2 + b^4
*c^2 - 8*a*b^2*c^3 - 8*a^3*b^2*c - 32*a^2*b^2*c^2 + 10*a*b^4*c)))^(1/2)*(64*a*b^4 + 256*a*c^4 - 256*a^4*c - 64
*b^4*c - 128*a^2*b^3 + 64*a^3*b^2 + 256*a^2*c^3 - 256*a^3*c^2 - 64*b^2*c^3 + 128*b^3*c^2 + 192*a*b^2*c^2 - 192
*a^2*b^2*c - 512*a*b*c^3 + 512*a^3*b*c) - 256*a*b*c^2 + 64*a*b^2*c - 256*a^2*b*c))*(-(8*a*c^3 + b*(-(4*a*c - b
^2)^3)^(1/2) + b^4 + 8*a^2*c^2 - 2*b^2*c^2 - 6*a*b^2*c)/(2*(a^2*b^4 - b^6 + 16*a^2*c^4 + 32*a^3*c^3 + 16*a^4*c
^2 + b^4*c^2 - 8*a*b^2*c^3 - 8*a^3*b^2*c - 32*a^2*b^2*c^2 + 10*a*b^4*c)))^(1/2)*1i + (tan(x/2)*(32*a*b^2 - 64*
a^2*c - 128*b*c^2 + 96*b^2*c - 32*b^3 + 64*c^3) - (-(8*a*c^3 + b*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + b^4 + 8*a^2*c^2 -
2*b^2*c^2 - 6*a*b^2*c)/(2*(a^2*b^4 - b^6 + 16*a^2*c^4 + 32*a^3*c^3 + 16*a^4*c^2 + b^4*c^2 - 8*a*b^2*c^3 - 8*a^
3*b^2*c - 32*a^2*b^2*c^2 + 10*a*b^4*c)))^(1/2)*(64*a*b^3 + 128*a*c^3 + 128*a^3*c + 64*b^3*c - 32*b^4 - 32*a^2*
b^2 + 256*a^2*c^2 - 32*b^2*c^2 - tan(x/2)*(-(8*a*c^3 + b*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + b^4 + 8*a^2*c^2 - 2*b^2*c^
2 - 6*a*b^2*c)/(2*(a^2*b^4 - b^6 + 16*a^2*c^4 + 32*a^3*c^3 + 16*a^4*c^2 + b^4*c^2 - 8*a*b^2*c^3 - 8*a^3*b^2*c
- 32*a^2*b^2*c^2 + 10*a*b^4*c)))^(1/2)*(64*a*b^4 + 256*a*c^4 - 256*a^4*c - 64*b^4*c - 128*a^2*b^3 + 64*a^3*b^2
+ 256*a^2*c^3 - 256*a^3*c^2 - 64*b^2*c^3 + 128*b^3*c^2 + 192*a*b^2*c^2 - 192*a^2*b^2*c - 512*a*b*c^3 + 512*a^
3*b*c) - 256*a*b*c^2 + 64*a*b^2*c - 256*a^2*b*c))*(-(8*a*c^3 + b*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + b^4 + 8*a^2*c^2 -
2*b^2*c^2 - 6*a*b^2*c)/(2*(a^2*b^4 - b^6 + 16*a^2*c^4 + 32*a^3*c^3 + 16*a^4*c^2 + b^4*c^2 - 8*a*b^2*c^3 - 8*a^
3*b^2*c - 32*a^2*b^2*c^2 + 10*a*b^4*c)))^(1/2)*1i)/(64*a*c - 64*b*c + 64*c^2 + (tan(x/2)*(32*a*b^2 - 64*a^2*c
- 128*b*c^2 + 96*b^2*c - 32*b^3 + 64*c^3) + (-(8*a*c^3 + b*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + b^4 + 8*a^2*c^2 - 2*b^2*
c^2 - 6*a*b^2*c)/(2*(a^2*b^4 - b^6 + 16*a^2*c^4 + 32*a^3*c^3 + 16*a^4*c^2 + b^4*c^2 - 8*a*b^2*c^3 - 8*a^3*b^2*
c - 32*a^2*b^2*c^2 + 10*a*b^4*c)))^(1/2)*(64*a*b^3 + 128*a*c^3 + 128*a^3*c + 64*b^3*c - 32*b^4 - 32*a^2*b^2 +
256*a^2*c^2 - 32*b^2*c^2 + tan(x/2)*(-(8*a*c^3 + b*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + b^4 + 8*a^2*c^2 - 2*b^2*c^2 - 6*
a*b^2*c)/(2*(a^2*b^4 - b^6 + 16*a^2*c^4 + 32*a^3*c^3 + 16*a^4*c^2 + b^4*c^2 - 8*a*b^2*c^3 - 8*a^3*b^2*c - 32*a
^2*b^2*c^2 + 10*a*b^4*c)))^(1/2)*(64*a*b^4 + 256*a*c^4 - 256*a^4*c - 64*b^4*c - 128*a^2*b^3 + 64*a^3*b^2 + 256
*a^2*c^3 - 256*a^3*c^2 - 64*b^2*c^3 + 128*b^3*c^2 + 192*a*b^2*c^2 - 192*a^2*b^2*c - 512*a*b*c^3 + 512*a^3*b*c)
- 256*a*b*c^2 + 64*a*b^2*c - 256*a^2*b*c))*(-(8*a*c^3 + b*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + b^4 + 8*a^2*c^2 - 2*b^2*
c^2 - 6*a*b^2*c)/(2*(a^2*b^4 - b^6 + 16*a^2*c^4 + 32*a^3*c^3 + 16*a^4*c^2 + b^4*c^2 - 8*a*b^2*c^3 - 8*a^3*b^2*
c - 32*a^2*b^2*c^2 + 10*a*b^4*c)))^(1/2) - (tan(x/2)*(32*a*b^2 - 64*a^2*c - 128*b*c^2 + 96*b^2*c - 32*b^3 + 64
*c^3) - (-(8*a*c^3 + b*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + b^4 + 8*a^2*c^2 - 2*b^2*c^2 - 6*a*b^2*c)/(2*(a^2*b^4 - b^6 +
16*a^2*c^4 + 32*a^3*c^3 + 16*a^4*c^2 + b^4*c^2 - 8*a*b^2*c^3 - 8*a^3*b^2*c - 32*a^2*b^2*c^2 + 10*a*b^4*c)))^(
1/2)*(64*a*b^3 + 128*a*c^3 + 128*a^3*c + 64*b^3*c - 32*b^4 - 32*a^2*b^2 + 256*a^2*c^2 - 32*b^2*c^2 - tan(x/2)*
(-(8*a*c^3 + b*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + b^4 + 8*a^2*c^2 - 2*b^2*c^2 - 6*a*b^2*c)/(2*(a^2*b^4 - b^6 + 16*a^2*
c^4 + 32*a^3*c^3 + 16*a^4*c^2 + b^4*c^2 - 8*a*b^2*c^3 - 8*a^3*b^2*c - 32*a^2*b^2*c^2 + 10*a*b^4*c)))^(1/2)*(64
*a*b^4 + 256*a*c^4 - 256*a^4*c - 64*b^4*c - 128*a^2*b^3 + 64*a^3*b^2 + 256*a^2*c^3 - 256*a^3*c^2 - 64*b^2*c^3
+ 128*b^3*c^2 + 192*a*b^2*c^2 - 192*a^2*b^2*c - 512*a*b*c^3 + 512*a^3*b*c) - 256*a*b*c^2 + 64*a*b^2*c - 256*a^
2*b*c))*(-(8*a*c^3 + b*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + b^4 + 8*a^2*c^2 - 2*b^2*c^2 - 6*a*b^2*c)/(2*(a^2*b^4 - b^6 +
16*a^2*c^4 + 32*a^3*c^3 + 16*a^4*c^2 + b^4*c^2 - 8*a*b^2*c^3 - 8*a^3*b^2*c - 32*a^2*b^2*c^2 + 10*a*b^4*c)))^(
1/2)))*(-(8*a*c^3 + b*(-(4*a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + b^4 + 8*a^2*c^2 - 2*b^2*c^2 - 6*a*b^2*c)/(2*(a^2*b^4 - b^6 +
16*a^2*c^4 + 32*a^3*c^3 + 16*a^4*c^2 + b^4*c^2 - 8*a*b^2*c^3 - 8*a^3*b^2*c - 32*a^2*b^2*c^2 + 10*a*b^4*c)))^(1
/2)*2i - atan(((tan(x/2)*(32*a*b^2 - 64*a^2*c - 128*b*c^2 + 96*b^2*c - 32*b^3 + 64*c^3) + (-(8*a*c^3 - b*(-(4*
a*c - b^2)^3)^(1/2) + b^4 + 8*a^2*c^2 - 2*b^2*c^2 - 6*a*b^2*c)/(2*(a^2*b^4 - b^6 + 16*a^2*c^4 + 32*a^3*c^3 + 1
6*a^4*c^2 + b^4*c^2 - 8*a*b^2*c^3 - 8*a^3*b^2*c - 32*a^2*b^2*c^2 + 10*a*b^4*c)))^(1/2)*(64*a*b^3 + 128*a*c^3 +
128*a^3*c + 64*b^3*c - 32*b^4 - 32*a^2*b^2 + 256*a^2*c^2 - 32*b^2*c^2 + tan(x/2)*(-(8*a*c^3 - b*(-(4*a*c - b^
2)^3)^(1/2) + b^4 + 8*a^2*c^2 - 2*b^2*c^2 - 6*a...

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